THERE IS=HAY
THERE ARE=HAY
THERE WAS=HUBO
THERE WERE=HUBO
THERE WILL BE=HABRÁ
THERE WOULD BE=HABRÍA
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
1. there will be water
2. there is no air
3. there would be no problems
4. there are many errors
5. there is a machine working
6. there was a computer
7. there were no people
8. there are twenty workers
9. there will be a conference
10. there is no liquid
11. there would be no oil
12. there are screws
13. there was no air
14. there would be a hammer
15. there are no classrooms
16. there were five students
17. there is much work
18. there are forty pieces
19. there was a man working
20. there will be a new workshop
miércoles, 29 de octubre de 2008
jueves, 16 de octubre de 2008
SON-ENGLISH
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
1. we have accepted the work
2. they don't understand this situation
3. we would go next December
4. they haven't travelled to Japan
5. do you know my address?
6. does he practice everyday?
7. she had used this computer before
8.I don't need the pencil now
9. does he read English quickly?
10. we have repeated those exercises
11. will you go to the capital next month?
12. they don't remember the cost of it
13. would you accept that payment?
14. has he translated the letter?
15. I will be working those days
16. she didn't come to work yesterday
17. do you visit the museum frequently?
18. does the assistant come early?
19. we would like to go today
20. the machine doesn't work well
21. the secretary has typed those exercises
22. would you prefer to work here?
23. it isn't functioning at the moment
24. I will have finished before
25. they don't permit people in this office
26. are you understanding this article?
27. she doesn't open the shop in the morning
28. the manager doesn't visit the company since May
29. we don't accept credit cards
30. that desk will be for other clerk
2. they don't understand this situation
3. we would go next December
4. they haven't travelled to Japan
5. do you know my address?
6. does he practice everyday?
7. she had used this computer before
8.I don't need the pencil now
9. does he read English quickly?
10. we have repeated those exercises
11. will you go to the capital next month?
12. they don't remember the cost of it
13. would you accept that payment?
14. has he translated the letter?
15. I will be working those days
16. she didn't come to work yesterday
17. do you visit the museum frequently?
18. does the assistant come early?
19. we would like to go today
20. the machine doesn't work well
21. the secretary has typed those exercises
22. would you prefer to work here?
23. it isn't functioning at the moment
24. I will have finished before
25. they don't permit people in this office
26. are you understanding this article?
27. she doesn't open the shop in the morning
28. the manager doesn't visit the company since May
29. we don't accept credit cards
30. that desk will be for other clerk
GERMAN
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
1. they will have repeated the test
2. I don't need that tool now
3. we will be working here temorrow
4. do you understand the problem of this engine?
5. has she permitted to repair the machine?
6. they don't know the new workshop yet
7. he hasn't imported that machinery
8. do you think to change this screw?
9. will he be repeating that operation?
10. I will need more wire and more nails
11. would she come to work next week?
12. you didn't repair the engine on time
13. has he finished the revision of the refrigerator?
14. I don't understand how this machine functions
15. it will be important to read the instructions
16. they have cancelled the cost of the paper
17. you will be writing the information in ten days
18. I didn't find the mistake in this program
19. does he know how to repair the motor?
20. would you accept other place to work?
2. I don't need that tool now
3. we will be working here temorrow
4. do you understand the problem of this engine?
5. has she permitted to repair the machine?
6. they don't know the new workshop yet
7. he hasn't imported that machinery
8. do you think to change this screw?
9. will he be repeating that operation?
10. I will need more wire and more nails
11. would she come to work next week?
12. you didn't repair the engine on time
13. has he finished the revision of the refrigerator?
14. I don't understand how this machine functions
15. it will be important to read the instructions
16. they have cancelled the cost of the paper
17. you will be writing the information in ten days
18. I didn't find the mistake in this program
19. does he know how to repair the motor?
20. would you accept other place to work?
ELECTROMECHANICS
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
1. she had used
2. we will not come
3. you have not closed
4. I would repair
5. he hasn't cleaned
6. they are using
7. you were not erasing
8. she accepted
9. we wouldn't go
10. I wasn't playing
11. they don't remember
12. he has watched
13. you were travelling
14. do they remember?
15. will they accept?
16. she would return
17. we had repeated
18. does he drive?
19. did they go?
20. you will not understand
21. they don't copy
22. are you reading?
23. does he open?
24. I would close
25. it will function
26. he isn't writing
27. do we erase?
28. was he investigating?
29. do you fix?
30. will I cancel?
31. did he finish?
32. we didn't watch
33. is she returning?
34. do you check?
35. would he lose?
36. does it run?
37. have you practiced?
38. do they visit?
39. it will not stop
40. I wasn't copying
41. does he translate?
42. she will have repeated
43. I will be changing
44. they had delivered
45. we will be installing
46. will you be assisting?
47. she hadn't permitted
48. they didn't wash
49. you would have remembered
50. he hasn't prepared
51. she wasn't typing
52. will he be connecting?
53. have you discussed?
54. do they store?
55. has she cleaned?
56. did you need?
57. would she have accepted?
58. I don't know
59. she doesn't multiply
60. will she be adding?
61. would he be travelling?
62. I didn't think
63. we wouldn't see
64. did she save?
65. did they find?
66. will I need?
67. she hadn't changed
68. would you sit down?
69. has he fixed?
70. do they stop?
71. we would be sending
72. she will have permitted
73. I don't begin
74. he would be playing
75. you would have prepared
76. would she have detected?
77. do you bring?
78. will she have discovered?
79. would he be translating?
80. does it clean?
2. we will not come
3. you have not closed
4. I would repair
5. he hasn't cleaned
6. they are using
7. you were not erasing
8. she accepted
9. we wouldn't go
10. I wasn't playing
11. they don't remember
12. he has watched
13. you were travelling
14. do they remember?
15. will they accept?
16. she would return
17. we had repeated
18. does he drive?
19. did they go?
20. you will not understand
21. they don't copy
22. are you reading?
23. does he open?
24. I would close
25. it will function
26. he isn't writing
27. do we erase?
28. was he investigating?
29. do you fix?
30. will I cancel?
31. did he finish?
32. we didn't watch
33. is she returning?
34. do you check?
35. would he lose?
36. does it run?
37. have you practiced?
38. do they visit?
39. it will not stop
40. I wasn't copying
41. does he translate?
42. she will have repeated
43. I will be changing
44. they had delivered
45. we will be installing
46. will you be assisting?
47. she hadn't permitted
48. they didn't wash
49. you would have remembered
50. he hasn't prepared
51. she wasn't typing
52. will he be connecting?
53. have you discussed?
54. do they store?
55. has she cleaned?
56. did you need?
57. would she have accepted?
58. I don't know
59. she doesn't multiply
60. will she be adding?
61. would he be travelling?
62. I didn't think
63. we wouldn't see
64. did she save?
65. did they find?
66. will I need?
67. she hadn't changed
68. would you sit down?
69. has he fixed?
70. do they stop?
71. we would be sending
72. she will have permitted
73. I don't begin
74. he would be playing
75. you would have prepared
76. would she have detected?
77. do you bring?
78. will she have discovered?
79. would he be translating?
80. does it clean?
miércoles, 8 de octubre de 2008
GERMAN
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
They will not accept
do you repair?
she hasn't copied
you would work
I have not repeated
we would not obtain
he hasn't cleaned
we were watching
she does not prepare
we will be playing
she will not come
do they know?
will you work?
I haven't concluded
she wouldn't be practicing
we would go
they have washed
I was listening
you were thinking
she has painted
I was erasing
they don't understand
she has canceled
we will not come
we were not speaking
he would not answer
I have not repaired
it was not working
they don't say
she was not calculating
do you repair?
she hasn't copied
you would work
I have not repeated
we would not obtain
he hasn't cleaned
we were watching
she does not prepare
we will be playing
she will not come
do they know?
will you work?
I haven't concluded
she wouldn't be practicing
we would go
they have washed
I was listening
you were thinking
she has painted
I was erasing
they don't understand
she has canceled
we will not come
we were not speaking
he would not answer
I have not repaired
it was not working
they don't say
she was not calculating
lunes, 6 de octubre de 2008
SON-ENGLISH
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
1. we will not go
2. I have not travelled
3. she is not reading
4. you are not speaking
5. we have not cleaned
6. she has not opened
7. they will not understand
8. I am not practicing
9. you were not playing
10. he is not reading
11. they had not checked
12. I would not repeat
13. she is not writing
14. we would not listen
15. he will not say
16. we are not watching
17. you have not closed
18. it is not working
19. she had not stayed
20. I was not understanding
21. he was not resting
22. you were not erasing
23. he would not call
24. I am not informing
25. she was not saying
26. you will not travel
27. they had not stayed
28. I was not resting
29. it is not closing
30. you would not print
SON-ENGLISH
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
1. we will have opened
2. she has cleaned
3. you would understand
4. they had closed
5. it would erase
6. I have rested
7. she would have listened
8. I was speaking
9. they were checking
10. he finished
11. we will have travelled
12. he had stayed
13. I will be playing
14. you called
15. she has watched
16. they would have worked
17. he will be saying
18. they would inform
19. I have repeated
20. you are reading
21. we will go
22. she was resting
23. they had printed
24. we were opening
25. they would know
26. I am writing
27. he has stayed
28. we will be calling
29. you have erased
30. I travel
31. she has opened
32. you are understanding
33. she will say
34. I was speaking
35. they had stayed
36. it had erased
37. I would be playing
38. you would say
39. they have printed
40. I will be repeating
jueves, 2 de octubre de 2008
GERMAN I
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
1. we will not sell
2. they are speaking
3. she would not go
4. I have played
5. they will have painted
6. she doesn't work
7. he did not understand
8. I will not have repeated
9. he has not copied
10. we will come
11. you don't read
12. are they writing?
13. will he work?
14. has he repeated?
15. do you practice?
16. would they prepare?
17. is she reading?
18. we don't remember
19. he did not commence
20. I have not imported
21. do you need?
22. are we practicing?
23. she will not conclude
24. we would not begin
25. does he accept?
26. do they drive?
27. is she running?
28. was he speaking?
29. do they study?
30. had they copied?
31. they would present
32. we have changed
33. will he operate?
34. she hasn't changed
35. they don't call
36. I will not answer
37. he doesn't obtain
38. would you go?
39. are we participating?
40. is it functioning?
VOCABULARY
1. engine: motor
2. machine: máquina
3. workshop: taller
4. steel: acero
5. cover: cubierta
6. driving: conducción
7. office: oficina
8. icebox: nevera
9. ice: hielo
10. wire: alambre
11. nut: tuerca
12. screw: tornillo
13. iron: hierro
14. power: energía
15. plug: enchufe
16. clamp: abrazadera
17. screwdriver: destornillador
18. pliers: alicates
19. electric tape: cinta aislante
20. screen: pantalla
21. voltage: voltaje
22. current: corriente
23. heat: calor
24. frost: escarcha
25. freezer: refrigerador
INTRU IV
VOCABULARY VII
1. hand: mano
2. face: cara
3. eyes: ojos
4. neck: cuello
5. head: cabeza
6. finger: dedo
7. foot: pie
8. mouth: boca
9. chest: pecho
10. hair: cabello
11. nail: uña
12. nose: nariz
13. ear: oreja
14. chin: mentón
15. waist: cintura
16. teeth: dientes
17. leg: pierna
18. elbow: codo
19. skin: piel
20. thigh: muslo
21. knee: rodilla
22. stomach: estómago
23. arm: brazo
24. wrist: muñeca
25. navel: ombligo
instr. September 29-08
VOCABULARY VIII
1. and: y
2. but: pero
3. near: cerca de
4. however: sin embargo
5. in: en
6. always: siempre
7. there: allá
8. far from: lejos de
9. on: en, sobre
10. with: con
11. under: debajo de
12. that: que
13. venid; detrás de
14. of: de
15. in front of: frente a
16. again: de nuevo
17. here: aquí
18. without: sin
19. around: alrededor de
20. yet: todavía
21. such as: tales como
22. to: a, hacia, hasta, para
23. after: después de
24. never: nunca
25. already: ya
instr. Sept. 29-08
ORAL PRACTICE
(far from, near, under, in front of, behind, on)
near the gift shop
behind the town hall
on the desk
behind the museum
in front of the restaurant
on the roof
behind the chapel
near the filling station
far from the stadium
behind the kitchen
far from the art gallery
in front of the church
under the roof
far from the shop
on the floor
near the post office
behind the book store
under the shelf
far from the corner
on the chair
far from the stoplight
under the picture
near the hotel
far from the police station
in front of the bar
behind the building
near the cemetery
on the sidewalk
under the tree
far from the town
in front of the school
on the road
near the clinic
behind the hospital
under the apple tree
near the garage
behind the parking lot
in front of the market place
on the computer
behind the supermarket
far from the office
under the car
in front of the drugstore
near the beauty parlor
instr. Sept 29/08
1. hand: mano
2. face: cara
3. eyes: ojos
4. neck: cuello
5. head: cabeza
6. finger: dedo
7. foot: pie
8. mouth: boca
9. chest: pecho
10. hair: cabello
11. nail: uña
12. nose: nariz
13. ear: oreja
14. chin: mentón
15. waist: cintura
16. teeth: dientes
17. leg: pierna
18. elbow: codo
19. skin: piel
20. thigh: muslo
21. knee: rodilla
22. stomach: estómago
23. arm: brazo
24. wrist: muñeca
25. navel: ombligo
instr. September 29-08
VOCABULARY VIII
1. and: y
2. but: pero
3. near: cerca de
4. however: sin embargo
5. in: en
6. always: siempre
7. there: allá
8. far from: lejos de
9. on: en, sobre
10. with: con
11. under: debajo de
12. that: que
13. venid; detrás de
14. of: de
15. in front of: frente a
16. again: de nuevo
17. here: aquí
18. without: sin
19. around: alrededor de
20. yet: todavía
21. such as: tales como
22. to: a, hacia, hasta, para
23. after: después de
24. never: nunca
25. already: ya
instr. Sept. 29-08
ORAL PRACTICE
(far from, near, under, in front of, behind, on)
near the gift shop
behind the town hall
on the desk
behind the museum
in front of the restaurant
on the roof
behind the chapel
near the filling station
far from the stadium
behind the kitchen
far from the art gallery
in front of the church
under the roof
far from the shop
on the floor
near the post office
behind the book store
under the shelf
far from the corner
on the chair
far from the stoplight
under the picture
near the hotel
far from the police station
in front of the bar
behind the building
near the cemetery
on the sidewalk
under the tree
far from the town
in front of the school
on the road
near the clinic
behind the hospital
under the apple tree
near the garage
behind the parking lot
in front of the market place
on the computer
behind the supermarket
far from the office
under the car
in front of the drugstore
near the beauty parlor
instr. Sept 29/08
miércoles, 17 de septiembre de 2008
INSTRU III
VOCABULARY V
1. church: iglesia
2. building: edificio
3. park: parque
4. police station: estación de policía
5. street: calle
6. bank: banco
7. restaurant: restaurante
8. hotel: hotel
9. parking lot: parqueadero
10. corner: esquina
11. post office: oficina postal
12. stadium: estadio
13. museum: museo
14. supermarket: supermercado
15. coffee shop: cafetería
16. barber shop: barbería
17. avenue: avenida
18. highway: autopista
19. gift shop: tienda de regalos
20. cemetery: cementerio
21. town hall: alcaldía
22. commercial centre: centro comercial
23. stoplight: semáforo
24. marketplace: plaza de mercado
25. book store: librería
Instr. Sept. 15-08
VOCABULARY VI
1. Claim: reclamar
2. feel: sentir
3. remember: recordar
4. get up: levantarse
5. enjoy: disfrutar
6. search: buscar
7. come: venir
8. dance: bailar
9. eat: comer
10. recommend: recomendar
11. stay: permanecer
12. go: ir
13. tell: decir
14. sign: firmar
15. cancel: cancelar
16. bring: traer
17. have breakfast: desayunar
18. go to bed: acostarse
19. catch: agarrar
20. have lunch: almorzar
21. lend: prestar
22. get: conseguir
23. come in: entrar
24. copy: copiar
25. have dinner: cenar
Instr. Sept.15-08
ORAL PRACTICE
1. Do you want passion fruit juice?
2. this coffee is very hot
3. please, bring me other spoon
4. does she drink cherry juice?
5. we prefer beans
6. I don’t like peaches
7. don’t bring me more sugar
8. they don’t sell onions
9. those apples are delicious
10. do you like figs?
11. we will get salt and pepper
12. they would like to eat bacon
13. do you have fresh meat?
14. don’t put much salt into the soup
15. we need two pounds of rice
16. that carrot is not fresh
17. do you import artichokes?
18. he doesn’t eat fish
19. bring me eggs and bread
20. he didn’t bring beets
21. I would like to drink water
22. we would prefer cold tea
23. white coffee and bread and butter, please
24. this knife doesn’t cut
25. wine please, not beer
Instr. Sept. 15-08
1. church: iglesia
2. building: edificio
3. park: parque
4. police station: estación de policía
5. street: calle
6. bank: banco
7. restaurant: restaurante
8. hotel: hotel
9. parking lot: parqueadero
10. corner: esquina
11. post office: oficina postal
12. stadium: estadio
13. museum: museo
14. supermarket: supermercado
15. coffee shop: cafetería
16. barber shop: barbería
17. avenue: avenida
18. highway: autopista
19. gift shop: tienda de regalos
20. cemetery: cementerio
21. town hall: alcaldía
22. commercial centre: centro comercial
23. stoplight: semáforo
24. marketplace: plaza de mercado
25. book store: librería
Instr. Sept. 15-08
VOCABULARY VI
1. Claim: reclamar
2. feel: sentir
3. remember: recordar
4. get up: levantarse
5. enjoy: disfrutar
6. search: buscar
7. come: venir
8. dance: bailar
9. eat: comer
10. recommend: recomendar
11. stay: permanecer
12. go: ir
13. tell: decir
14. sign: firmar
15. cancel: cancelar
16. bring: traer
17. have breakfast: desayunar
18. go to bed: acostarse
19. catch: agarrar
20. have lunch: almorzar
21. lend: prestar
22. get: conseguir
23. come in: entrar
24. copy: copiar
25. have dinner: cenar
Instr. Sept.15-08
ORAL PRACTICE
1. Do you want passion fruit juice?
2. this coffee is very hot
3. please, bring me other spoon
4. does she drink cherry juice?
5. we prefer beans
6. I don’t like peaches
7. don’t bring me more sugar
8. they don’t sell onions
9. those apples are delicious
10. do you like figs?
11. we will get salt and pepper
12. they would like to eat bacon
13. do you have fresh meat?
14. don’t put much salt into the soup
15. we need two pounds of rice
16. that carrot is not fresh
17. do you import artichokes?
18. he doesn’t eat fish
19. bring me eggs and bread
20. he didn’t bring beets
21. I would like to drink water
22. we would prefer cold tea
23. white coffee and bread and butter, please
24. this knife doesn’t cut
25. wine please, not beer
Instr. Sept. 15-08
jueves, 11 de septiembre de 2008
COCORNA
ORAL PRACTICE
1. hemos trabajado mucho hoy
2. sabrás la respuesta ahora
3. tuve tres llamadas ayer
4. dejaré la ciudad en abril
5. visitaríamos el parque en junio
6. no comí allí antes
7. qué deseas para el almuerzo?
8. ella había observado el error
9. él está cambiando el dinero
10. dónde trabajaste antes?
11. estamos vendiendo más
12. firmaré la nómina esta tarde
13. no aceptes el pago
14. si quieres, puedes ir a descansar
15. estaremos viajando este año
16. no he cancelado todavía
17. esperaremos hasta mañana
18. quién terminará eso?
19. ellos habrán repetido la firma
20. tuviste una buena semana?
21. cuándo enviaremos esto?
22. vayamos al supermercado
23. a qué horas puedo venir?
24. ese banco no abrirá estos días
25. por qué dices eso?
26. qué día fue ayer?
27. ella no me vende
28. cómo puedo ir allí?
29. hemos descontado demasiado
30. no podemos importarlo
31. el precio no es muy alto
32. qué estás escribiendo ahora?
33. pagaron ellos ayer?
34. tráigame aquel cheque, por favor
35. ellos han parado el trabajo
36. usted debe estar aquí esta noche
37. aquí tiene usted la factura
38. dónde puede ella preguntar?
39. esa nómina será repetida
40. comencemos la tarea en diez días
41. a qué horas viajarás mañana?
42. comprarán ellos esta tienda?
43. quiero abrir otra sucursal
44. entre, el gerente está esperando
45. las máquinas no son modernas
46. conseguiremos una nueva cosedora
47. ellos necesitarán más papel para imprimir
48. no leeremos después de la cena
sept.11-08: for camp, cap, ret, coc, sof,
lunes, 8 de septiembre de 2008
AVIO III
THERE+BE=
HABER
there is: hay
there are: hay
there was: hubo
there were: hubo
there will be: habrá
there would be: habría
there can be: puede haber
there must be : debe haber
there could be: pudo, podía, podría haber
there should be: debería haber
there has been: ha habido
there have been: ha habido
there is going to be: va a haber
there are going to be: va a haber
there may be: puede haber
there was going to be: iba a haber
there were going to be: iba a haber
there has to be: tiene que haber
There have to be: tiene que haber
there might be: podría haber
there had to be: tuvo que haber
there will have to be: tendrá que haber
there would have to be: tendría que haber
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
There is no current
There should be glass
There are no charges
There can be a loss
There must not be any body
There was a way
There could be strengths
There were some calls
There has been a problem
There will be a poor current
There would be a gain
There have been some forms
There is going to be an explanation
There has to be rubber
There are going to be many errors
There must be water
There have to be three refrigerators
There should be a current flow
There can be a glass rod
There is not a cell here
There are two hammers available
There might be a damage
There has to be other choice
There must be a tool box
There is a piece of paper
There can be many difficulties
There should be a screw here
There is sufficient wire
There are nails on the table
There must be a technician
There could be a leakage
There are five workshops open
There might be future acquisitions
HABER
there is: hay
there are: hay
there was: hubo
there were: hubo
there will be: habrá
there would be: habría
there can be: puede haber
there must be : debe haber
there could be: pudo, podía, podría haber
there should be: debería haber
there has been: ha habido
there have been: ha habido
there is going to be: va a haber
there are going to be: va a haber
there may be: puede haber
there was going to be: iba a haber
there were going to be: iba a haber
there has to be: tiene que haber
There have to be: tiene que haber
there might be: podría haber
there had to be: tuvo que haber
there will have to be: tendrá que haber
there would have to be: tendría que haber
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
There is no current
There should be glass
There are no charges
There can be a loss
There must not be any body
There was a way
There could be strengths
There were some calls
There has been a problem
There will be a poor current
There would be a gain
There have been some forms
There is going to be an explanation
There has to be rubber
There are going to be many errors
There must be water
There have to be three refrigerators
There should be a current flow
There can be a glass rod
There is not a cell here
There are two hammers available
There might be a damage
There has to be other choice
There must be a tool box
There is a piece of paper
There can be many difficulties
There should be a screw here
There is sufficient wire
There are nails on the table
There must be a technician
There could be a leakage
There are five workshops open
There might be future acquisitions
sábado, 6 de septiembre de 2008
INSTRU II
VOCABULARY I
Breakfast: desayuno
Lunch: almuerzo
Dinner: cena
Sugar: azúcar
Salt: sal
Coffee: café
Chocolate: chocolate
Water. agua
Juice: jugo
Butter: mantequilla
Bread: pan
Cheese: queso
Milk: leche
Eggs: huevos
Meat. carne
Bacon: tocino
Salami: salchichón
Tea: té
Crackers: galletas
Sausage. salchicha
Fish: pescado
Tuna: atún
Trout: trucha
White coffee: café con leche
Coke: coca-cola
Instr. Sept. 13-08
VOCABULARY II
dish: plato
spoon: cuchara
cup: taza
bowl: tazón
pot: olla
grill: parrilla
oven: horno
range: estufa
freezer: congelador
fork: tenedor
glass: vaso
corkscrew: sacacorchos
knife: cuchillo
tray: bandeja
jar. jarra
strainer: colador
skimmer: espumadera
ladle: cucharón
blender: licuadora
frying pan: sartén
bottle opener: destapador
can opener: abrelatas
rice cooker: arrocera
rolling pin: rodillo
pressure cooker: olla a presión
Instr. Sept. 13-08
VOCABULARY III
grape: uva
pear: pera
orange: naranja
guava: guayaba
passion fruit: maracuyá
banana: banano
pineapple: piña
peach: melocotón
tangerine: mandarina
fig: higo
apple: manzana
apricot: albaricoque
blackberry: mora
cherry: cereza
strawberry: fresa
melon: melón
lemon: limón
coconut: coco
pawpaw: papayuela
watermelon: sandía
papaya: papaya
plum: ciruela
mango: mango
pomegranate: granadilla
kiwi: kiwi
Instr. Sept. 13-08
VOCABULARY IV
carrot: zanahoria
potato: papa
onion: cebolla
beet: remolacha
avocado. aguacate
tomato: tomate
coriander: cilantro
garlic: ajo
pepper: pimienta
mustard: mostaza
sauce: salsa
plantain: plátano
artichoke: alcachofa
cabbage: repollo
cauliflower: coliflor
vinegar: vinagre
ketchup: salsa de tomate
honey: miel
broccoli: brócoli
parsley: perejil
lettuce: lechuga
salad: ensalada
beans: fríjoles
peas: arvejas
large pepper: pimentón
Instr. Sept.13-08
Breakfast: desayuno
Lunch: almuerzo
Dinner: cena
Sugar: azúcar
Salt: sal
Coffee: café
Chocolate: chocolate
Water. agua
Juice: jugo
Butter: mantequilla
Bread: pan
Cheese: queso
Milk: leche
Eggs: huevos
Meat. carne
Bacon: tocino
Salami: salchichón
Tea: té
Crackers: galletas
Sausage. salchicha
Fish: pescado
Tuna: atún
Trout: trucha
White coffee: café con leche
Coke: coca-cola
Instr. Sept. 13-08
VOCABULARY II
dish: plato
spoon: cuchara
cup: taza
bowl: tazón
pot: olla
grill: parrilla
oven: horno
range: estufa
freezer: congelador
fork: tenedor
glass: vaso
corkscrew: sacacorchos
knife: cuchillo
tray: bandeja
jar. jarra
strainer: colador
skimmer: espumadera
ladle: cucharón
blender: licuadora
frying pan: sartén
bottle opener: destapador
can opener: abrelatas
rice cooker: arrocera
rolling pin: rodillo
pressure cooker: olla a presión
Instr. Sept. 13-08
VOCABULARY III
grape: uva
pear: pera
orange: naranja
guava: guayaba
passion fruit: maracuyá
banana: banano
pineapple: piña
peach: melocotón
tangerine: mandarina
fig: higo
apple: manzana
apricot: albaricoque
blackberry: mora
cherry: cereza
strawberry: fresa
melon: melón
lemon: limón
coconut: coco
pawpaw: papayuela
watermelon: sandía
papaya: papaya
plum: ciruela
mango: mango
pomegranate: granadilla
kiwi: kiwi
Instr. Sept. 13-08
VOCABULARY IV
carrot: zanahoria
potato: papa
onion: cebolla
beet: remolacha
avocado. aguacate
tomato: tomate
coriander: cilantro
garlic: ajo
pepper: pimienta
mustard: mostaza
sauce: salsa
plantain: plátano
artichoke: alcachofa
cabbage: repollo
cauliflower: coliflor
vinegar: vinagre
ketchup: salsa de tomate
honey: miel
broccoli: brócoli
parsley: perejil
lettuce: lechuga
salad: ensalada
beans: fríjoles
peas: arvejas
large pepper: pimentón
Instr. Sept.13-08
CAPIRO XVII
ORAL PRACTICE
Be able to = poder (ser capaz de)
Be able to = poder (ser capaz de)
1. She will be able to lift the stone
2. I’m able to pass the exam
3. They were able to finish on time
4. I was able to fix the machine
5. Are you able to run the risk?
6. He has been able to speak to her
7. We would be able to begin now
8. She wasn’t able to cross the street
9. Will he be able to win the medal?
10. Is it able to work fast?
11. I was able to clean that terrace
12. Were you able to kill those insects?
13. We weren’t able to get back
14. Are they able to make it function?
15. We have been able to repeat the test
16. I was able to control the situation
17. Is he able to eat these hamburgers?
18. Have you been able to connect that cable?
19. I’m not able to stand him
20. Were we able to surpass them?
21. They will be able to conclude in ten minutes
22. You were able to convince her
23. Are they able to catch that lizard?
24. We were able to rebuild the chapel
25. Is she able to cook all day long?
26. We have been able to be happy up to now
27. They would be able to cancel that amount
28. She isn’t able to forgive them
29. You would be able to postpone that trip
30. I was able to stop smoking
31. They are able to climb this hill
32. Would you be able to pack those flowers?
33. Are they able to increase the production?
34. Is he able to sell more this month?
35. Will they be able to appeal more customers?
36. Is the architect able to finish before November?
37. Is Michael able to dismiss his fiancée?
38. Will Robert be able to discuss with his boss?
39. Will the nation be able to lower inflation?
40. They won’t be able to live together
41. Has he been able to send the e-mail?
42. Were they able to import the seeds?
43. Would the priest be able to explain his mistake?
44. Will the cat be able to climb the tree?
45. Have you been able to work this week?
46. Was he able to remember those figures
September 2-08
lunes, 25 de agosto de 2008
AVIO II
VOCABULARY III
big
flat
small
hard
soft
new
strong
old
high
gross
costly
thing
cold
hot
full
dark
light
heavy
large
cheap
expensive
narrow
wide
cloudy
harsh
VOCABULARY IV
around
but
however
on
under
about
near
far from
in front of
by
behind
for
to
of
in
always
with
almost
as
never
there
during
here
because
due to
VOCABULARY V
tin
rubber
copper
iron
aluminum
silver
wood
hydrogen
zinc
oxygen
nitrogen
water
oil
steel
plastic
chrome
paper
clay
gold
leather
silicon
radium
resin
ceramic
cobalt
big
flat
small
hard
soft
new
strong
old
high
gross
costly
thing
cold
hot
full
dark
light
heavy
large
cheap
expensive
narrow
wide
cloudy
harsh
VOCABULARY IV
around
but
however
on
under
about
near
far from
in front of
by
behind
for
to
of
in
always
with
almost
as
never
there
during
here
because
due to
VOCABULARY V
tin
rubber
copper
iron
aluminum
silver
wood
hydrogen
zinc
oxygen
nitrogen
water
oil
steel
plastic
chrome
paper
clay
gold
leather
silicon
radium
resin
ceramic
cobalt
INSTRU I
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
they had handled
we will not read
she hasn’t finished
you are writing
he hasn’t started
you would understand
I have repeated
we won’t practice
she had cleaned
you will go
he has erased
they will not be working
we don’t speak
she will have repaired
he reads
you rested
they have pushed
he would have calculated
I was listening
she handled
they will push
she had informed
you would have watched
I didn’t come
we hadn’t printed
they didn’t say
he doesn’t observe
we won’t check
I haven’t closed
she didn’t begin
he would know
they didn’t delete
he has programmed
you would be reading
they don’t cancel
it doesn’t work
we will end
it didn’t function
he has added
we would divide
you had subtracted
it won’t run
ORAL EXERCISES
We will bring
she was cleaning
you will have searched
he will get back
I had stored
she would begin
we don’t invent
he didn’t call
they had stayed
I wouldn’t go
you would have danced
they weren’t reading
she was writing
you aren’t paying
he was not canceling
he had distributed
we would have read
she will be printing
I am not keeping
we would be discussing
it is not working
we were not mentioning
he will be checking
she had looked
I was not walking
you are sending
it has worked
we have delivered
he was not drinking
they didn’t carry
I would transform
the manager would come
the manager would resign
you had permitted
they will not receive
she doesn’t understand
I will not have painted
they haven’t concluded
she hadn’t called
he hasn’t supplied
we didn’t wait
you haven’t tasted
they won’t go
I haven’t practiced
he hasn’t packed
we wouldn’t come
they hadn’t started
she doesn’t accept
ORAL EXERCISE
She will drive
they had practiced
he would rest
I have answered
you would be filing
he has cleaned
they would have erased
I will play
you had studied
she sells
they would have called
she has worked
they opened
she would talk
you sing
they had visited
we will lose
you had smoked
they would be talking
I have touched
she rests
they would be moving
they have listened
I had repeated
you will read
she would be selling
he calls
she will think
it worked
they had moved
we would feel
you have added
they were checking
I have rested
you answered
we will be working
she was closing
they had cleaned
she would be repeating
they think
you had smiled
she would begin
I have talked
ORAL EXERCISES
We will say
she was singing
you will have packed
he should come back
I had studied
she would clean
we don’t incluye
he didn’t call
they had distributed
I wouldn’t take
you would have practiced
they weren’t reading
she was sending
you aren’t importing
he was not spending
he had closed
we would have read
she will be printing
I am not listening
we would be cutting
it is not functioning
we were not watching
he will be changing
she had loved
I was not walking
you delivered
it has added
we have repeated
he was not eating
they didn’t bring
I would translate
the manager would go
the salesman would resign
you had permitted
they will not accept
she doesn’t come
I will not have declared
they haven’t understood
she hadn’t bet
he hasn’t drunk
we didn’t wash
you haven’t griten
they won’t go
I haven’t said
he hasn’t put
we wouldn’t come
they hadn’t begun
she doesn’t lie
they had handled
we will not read
she hasn’t finished
you are writing
he hasn’t started
you would understand
I have repeated
we won’t practice
she had cleaned
you will go
he has erased
they will not be working
we don’t speak
she will have repaired
he reads
you rested
they have pushed
he would have calculated
I was listening
she handled
they will push
she had informed
you would have watched
I didn’t come
we hadn’t printed
they didn’t say
he doesn’t observe
we won’t check
I haven’t closed
she didn’t begin
he would know
they didn’t delete
he has programmed
you would be reading
they don’t cancel
it doesn’t work
we will end
it didn’t function
he has added
we would divide
you had subtracted
it won’t run
ORAL EXERCISES
We will bring
she was cleaning
you will have searched
he will get back
I had stored
she would begin
we don’t invent
he didn’t call
they had stayed
I wouldn’t go
you would have danced
they weren’t reading
she was writing
you aren’t paying
he was not canceling
he had distributed
we would have read
she will be printing
I am not keeping
we would be discussing
it is not working
we were not mentioning
he will be checking
she had looked
I was not walking
you are sending
it has worked
we have delivered
he was not drinking
they didn’t carry
I would transform
the manager would come
the manager would resign
you had permitted
they will not receive
she doesn’t understand
I will not have painted
they haven’t concluded
she hadn’t called
he hasn’t supplied
we didn’t wait
you haven’t tasted
they won’t go
I haven’t practiced
he hasn’t packed
we wouldn’t come
they hadn’t started
she doesn’t accept
ORAL EXERCISE
She will drive
they had practiced
he would rest
I have answered
you would be filing
he has cleaned
they would have erased
I will play
you had studied
she sells
they would have called
she has worked
they opened
she would talk
you sing
they had visited
we will lose
you had smoked
they would be talking
I have touched
she rests
they would be moving
they have listened
I had repeated
you will read
she would be selling
he calls
she will think
it worked
they had moved
we would feel
you have added
they were checking
I have rested
you answered
we will be working
she was closing
they had cleaned
she would be repeating
they think
you had smiled
she would begin
I have talked
ORAL EXERCISES
We will say
she was singing
you will have packed
he should come back
I had studied
she would clean
we don’t incluye
he didn’t call
they had distributed
I wouldn’t take
you would have practiced
they weren’t reading
she was sending
you aren’t importing
he was not spending
he had closed
we would have read
she will be printing
I am not listening
we would be cutting
it is not functioning
we were not watching
he will be changing
she had loved
I was not walking
you delivered
it has added
we have repeated
he was not eating
they didn’t bring
I would translate
the manager would go
the salesman would resign
you had permitted
they will not accept
she doesn’t come
I will not have declared
they haven’t understood
she hadn’t bet
he hasn’t drunk
we didn’t wash
you haven’t griten
they won’t go
I haven’t said
he hasn’t put
we wouldn’t come
they hadn’t begun
she doesn’t lie
CAPIRO XVI
ORAL PRACTICE
Be going to…= ir a…
Example:
They are going to travel: ellos van a viajar
1. I’m going to work there
2. she’s going to be here soon
3. they’re going to repeat the test
4. I’m going to travel in six months
5. he’s going to buy that farm
6. I’m going to cancel with a check
7. we’re going to clean this place today
8. I’m going to stop smoking this year
9. she’s going to program the machine
10. we’re going to come back in five days
11. they’re going to import from Holland
12. she’s going to have lunch late
13. I’m going to repair that sewing machine
14. it’s going to rain before five
15. it’s going to be a little difficult
16. it’s going to be an important meeting
17. we’re going to go but later
18. I’m going to rest a little
19. she’s going to sell her house
20. I’m going to think about that today
21. it’s going to be a beautiful day
22. it’s going to be a little expensive
23. it’s going to be a rainy morning
24. I’m going to copy the exercise again
25. he’s going to export to Egypt and South Africa
August 21-08
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
1. My uncle has come
2. Our grandmother has visited
3. My grandfather won’t come
4. He will be dreaming
5. We haven’t felt
6. Your sister-in-law wouldn’t send
7. I am not thinking
8. The nurse wouldn’t have finished
9. We will not be writing
10. Your granddaughter won’t have added
11. The travel agent wouldn’t begin
12. They weren’t travelling
13. My nephew has repeated
14. The friends aren’t smoking
15. My brother-in-law hasn’t solicited
16. The machine wasn’t working
17. The businessman isn’t exporting
18. I haven’t smoked
19. Your son won’t have cleaned
20. He hasn’t washed
21. The manager wasn’t speaking
22. I wasn’t sleeping
23. The godmother won’t have discovered
24. The man wouldn’t know
25. My secretary wasn’t calling
26. I won’t be resting
27. She won’t have imported
28. The boys will come back
29. The shoemaker hasn’t discounted
30. They won’t understand
31. He hasn’t added
32. She would be cooking
33. You haven’t given
34. The farmer wasn’t working
35. He isn’t resigning
36. The players accepted
37. The girl hasn’t danced
38. We won’t have breakfast
39. I am not talking
40. They won’t walk
41. The stockholder won’t go
42. The businessman will have written
43. She wouldn’t rest
44. My bank isn’t opening
45. We won’t have answered
46. The teacher won’t have understood
47. They will have informed
48. The restaurant has closed
August 24-08
ORAL PRACTICE
Why? = por qué?
1. Why don’t you come tomorrow?
2. Why doesn’t she accept the gift?
3. Why don’t they visit that chapel?
4. Why doesn’t he leave this place?
5. Why don’t you erase those mistakes?
6. Why don’t we go before next month?
7. Why doesn’t she cancel the trip?
8. Why don’t they look for other job?
9. Why doesn’t this machine function?
10. Why don’t they call their friends?
11. Why doesn’t that motor stop?
12. Why don’t the students begin now?
13. Why don’t you prepare these explanations?
14. Why doesn’t the president travel to that country?
15. Why don’t we write the new report?
16. Why doesn’t he play that role?
17. Why don’t they finish the homework?
18. Why don’t you test this computer?
19. Why don’t we send the samples now?
20. Why doesn’t the priest open the church?
21. Why don’t we rest a little?
22. Why don’t the boys stay here?
23. Why doesn’t it rain this week?
24. Why don’t those women pay attention?
25. Why don’t you milk that cow?
August 24-08
ORAL PRACTICE
There can be = puede haber
1. There can be some mistakes
2. there can be a paper punch available
3. there can be eight people here
4. there can be a girl in the room
5. there can be salt in the canister
6. there can be an engine working
7. the can be two dozens
8. there can be some flowers in the lawn
9. there can be a machine out of order
10. there can be an office open
11. there can be eggs for breakfast
12. there can be sixteen computers
13. there can be three beds in the room
14. there can be rain today
15. there can be a fourth beer
16. there can be some bags
17. there can be low prices
18. there can be a good prize
19. there can be many books
20. there can be seven dictionaries
21. there can be twelve boxes
22. there can be several tickets
23. there can be a boy playing chess
24. there can be a very good film
25. there can be many exercises
August 24-08
CONVERSATION
1. Good morning, can you help me, please?
2. Of course, what can I do for you?
3. Well, I would like to have a bottle of wine
4. At the moment we have just Chianti and Muscadet
5. I would like to have Muscadet, please
6. You will have it in a few seconds
CONVERSATION
1. I'd like a salad, please.
2. OK. Which one?
3. Are there tomatoes in the house salad?
4. Yes, there are.
5. Let me see. No, bring me the taco salad.
6. How about some chili with that?
7. No, only the salad.
CONVERSATION
1. What would you like to drink with the menu?
2. What kinds of juice do you have now?
3. We have passion fruit, guava, blackberry and pineapple juice
4. Bring me a pineapple juice but no sugar, please
5. Anything else?
6. Oh, yes, a cup of black coffee
August 24-08
Be going to…= ir a…
Example:
They are going to travel: ellos van a viajar
1. I’m going to work there
2. she’s going to be here soon
3. they’re going to repeat the test
4. I’m going to travel in six months
5. he’s going to buy that farm
6. I’m going to cancel with a check
7. we’re going to clean this place today
8. I’m going to stop smoking this year
9. she’s going to program the machine
10. we’re going to come back in five days
11. they’re going to import from Holland
12. she’s going to have lunch late
13. I’m going to repair that sewing machine
14. it’s going to rain before five
15. it’s going to be a little difficult
16. it’s going to be an important meeting
17. we’re going to go but later
18. I’m going to rest a little
19. she’s going to sell her house
20. I’m going to think about that today
21. it’s going to be a beautiful day
22. it’s going to be a little expensive
23. it’s going to be a rainy morning
24. I’m going to copy the exercise again
25. he’s going to export to Egypt and South Africa
August 21-08
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
1. My uncle has come
2. Our grandmother has visited
3. My grandfather won’t come
4. He will be dreaming
5. We haven’t felt
6. Your sister-in-law wouldn’t send
7. I am not thinking
8. The nurse wouldn’t have finished
9. We will not be writing
10. Your granddaughter won’t have added
11. The travel agent wouldn’t begin
12. They weren’t travelling
13. My nephew has repeated
14. The friends aren’t smoking
15. My brother-in-law hasn’t solicited
16. The machine wasn’t working
17. The businessman isn’t exporting
18. I haven’t smoked
19. Your son won’t have cleaned
20. He hasn’t washed
21. The manager wasn’t speaking
22. I wasn’t sleeping
23. The godmother won’t have discovered
24. The man wouldn’t know
25. My secretary wasn’t calling
26. I won’t be resting
27. She won’t have imported
28. The boys will come back
29. The shoemaker hasn’t discounted
30. They won’t understand
31. He hasn’t added
32. She would be cooking
33. You haven’t given
34. The farmer wasn’t working
35. He isn’t resigning
36. The players accepted
37. The girl hasn’t danced
38. We won’t have breakfast
39. I am not talking
40. They won’t walk
41. The stockholder won’t go
42. The businessman will have written
43. She wouldn’t rest
44. My bank isn’t opening
45. We won’t have answered
46. The teacher won’t have understood
47. They will have informed
48. The restaurant has closed
August 24-08
ORAL PRACTICE
Why? = por qué?
1. Why don’t you come tomorrow?
2. Why doesn’t she accept the gift?
3. Why don’t they visit that chapel?
4. Why doesn’t he leave this place?
5. Why don’t you erase those mistakes?
6. Why don’t we go before next month?
7. Why doesn’t she cancel the trip?
8. Why don’t they look for other job?
9. Why doesn’t this machine function?
10. Why don’t they call their friends?
11. Why doesn’t that motor stop?
12. Why don’t the students begin now?
13. Why don’t you prepare these explanations?
14. Why doesn’t the president travel to that country?
15. Why don’t we write the new report?
16. Why doesn’t he play that role?
17. Why don’t they finish the homework?
18. Why don’t you test this computer?
19. Why don’t we send the samples now?
20. Why doesn’t the priest open the church?
21. Why don’t we rest a little?
22. Why don’t the boys stay here?
23. Why doesn’t it rain this week?
24. Why don’t those women pay attention?
25. Why don’t you milk that cow?
August 24-08
ORAL PRACTICE
There can be = puede haber
1. There can be some mistakes
2. there can be a paper punch available
3. there can be eight people here
4. there can be a girl in the room
5. there can be salt in the canister
6. there can be an engine working
7. the can be two dozens
8. there can be some flowers in the lawn
9. there can be a machine out of order
10. there can be an office open
11. there can be eggs for breakfast
12. there can be sixteen computers
13. there can be three beds in the room
14. there can be rain today
15. there can be a fourth beer
16. there can be some bags
17. there can be low prices
18. there can be a good prize
19. there can be many books
20. there can be seven dictionaries
21. there can be twelve boxes
22. there can be several tickets
23. there can be a boy playing chess
24. there can be a very good film
25. there can be many exercises
August 24-08
CONVERSATION
1. Good morning, can you help me, please?
2. Of course, what can I do for you?
3. Well, I would like to have a bottle of wine
4. At the moment we have just Chianti and Muscadet
5. I would like to have Muscadet, please
6. You will have it in a few seconds
CONVERSATION
1. I'd like a salad, please.
2. OK. Which one?
3. Are there tomatoes in the house salad?
4. Yes, there are.
5. Let me see. No, bring me the taco salad.
6. How about some chili with that?
7. No, only the salad.
CONVERSATION
1. What would you like to drink with the menu?
2. What kinds of juice do you have now?
3. We have passion fruit, guava, blackberry and pineapple juice
4. Bring me a pineapple juice but no sugar, please
5. Anything else?
6. Oh, yes, a cup of black coffee
August 24-08
miércoles, 20 de agosto de 2008
AUTOMA I
VOCABULARY I
tie
close
connect
cut
cover
plug in
open
check
get
solder
catch
use
fix
flow
work
begin
clean
unplug
charge
finish
discard
place
send
stay
stop
VOCABULARY II
tall
long
dark
clean
short
narrow
big
clear
small
new
wide
old
hot
thick
cold
right
smooth
left
thin
heavy
gross
light
dirty
low
high
VOCABULARY III
wire
plug
blade
outlet
screw
device
earphone
source
power
nut
screen
headphone
clamp
key
current
tester
screwdriver
frame
lamp
engine
keyboard
light
diode
cable
beam
VOCABULARY IV
but
near
before
that
since
there
after
however
here
by
always
between
besides
almost
still
with
while
behind
without
again
also
in order to
up to
if
like
VOCABULARY V
tin
rubber
copper
iron
aluminum
silver
wood
hydrogen
zinc
oxygen
nitrogen
water
oil
steel
plastic
chrome
paper
clay
gold
leather
silicon
radium
resin
ceramic
cobalt
THERE +BE=HABER
there is: hay
there are: hay
there will be: habrá
there would be: habría
there was: hubo
there were: hubo
there has been: ha habido
there can be: puede haber
there must be: debe haber
there have been: ha habido
there could be: pudo, podia, podría haber
there has to be: tiene que haber
there have to be: tiene que haber
there will habe to be: tendrá que haber
there would have to be: tendría que haber
there might be: podría haber
there should be: debería haber
there may be: puede haber
there is going to be: va a haber
there are going to be: va a haber
there was going to be: iba a haber
there were going to be: iba a haber
EXERCISES
there is going to be problems
there is no water
there are going to be a conference
there can be wire
there must be sufficient space
there should be a workshop
there may be difficulties
there are no people here
there is a man working
there could be a machine available
there were some mistakes
there will be other office to work
there might be ten students
there was no liquid
there couldn’t be any error
there has to be oil
there will have to be lamps
there is no time now
there should be more plastic
there would be ten employees
there would have to be some letters
there can be no paper
there is a desk
there were no CDs
there could be other gate
there will be drawbacks
there was a piece of cable
there would be less units
there are no nails
there was a little problem
there was no air
there could be two dozens
there were screws
there should be iron and silver
there must be a new workshop
there was a damaged part
there can be several colours
there might be many choices
tie
close
connect
cut
cover
plug in
open
check
get
solder
catch
use
fix
flow
work
begin
clean
unplug
charge
finish
discard
place
send
stay
stop
VOCABULARY II
tall
long
dark
clean
short
narrow
big
clear
small
new
wide
old
hot
thick
cold
right
smooth
left
thin
heavy
gross
light
dirty
low
high
VOCABULARY III
wire
plug
blade
outlet
screw
device
earphone
source
power
nut
screen
headphone
clamp
key
current
tester
screwdriver
frame
lamp
engine
keyboard
light
diode
cable
beam
VOCABULARY IV
but
near
before
that
since
there
after
however
here
by
always
between
besides
almost
still
with
while
behind
without
again
also
in order to
up to
if
like
VOCABULARY V
tin
rubber
copper
iron
aluminum
silver
wood
hydrogen
zinc
oxygen
nitrogen
water
oil
steel
plastic
chrome
paper
clay
gold
leather
silicon
radium
resin
ceramic
cobalt
THERE +BE=HABER
there is: hay
there are: hay
there will be: habrá
there would be: habría
there was: hubo
there were: hubo
there has been: ha habido
there can be: puede haber
there must be: debe haber
there have been: ha habido
there could be: pudo, podia, podría haber
there has to be: tiene que haber
there have to be: tiene que haber
there will habe to be: tendrá que haber
there would have to be: tendría que haber
there might be: podría haber
there should be: debería haber
there may be: puede haber
there is going to be: va a haber
there are going to be: va a haber
there was going to be: iba a haber
there were going to be: iba a haber
EXERCISES
there is going to be problems
there is no water
there are going to be a conference
there can be wire
there must be sufficient space
there should be a workshop
there may be difficulties
there are no people here
there is a man working
there could be a machine available
there were some mistakes
there will be other office to work
there might be ten students
there was no liquid
there couldn’t be any error
there has to be oil
there will have to be lamps
there is no time now
there should be more plastic
there would be ten employees
there would have to be some letters
there can be no paper
there is a desk
there were no CDs
there could be other gate
there will be drawbacks
there was a piece of cable
there would be less units
there are no nails
there was a little problem
there was no air
there could be two dozens
there were screws
there should be iron and silver
there must be a new workshop
there was a damaged part
there can be several colours
there might be many choices
domingo, 3 de agosto de 2008
CAPIRO XV
READING
Marks & Spencer, the British food and clothes company, is the most famous shop in the world. At the moment, there are 283 M&S in Britain, and other shops in France, Belgium, Holland, Spain, and Portugal. Currently, they are building a large new store in Paris on the rue de Rivoli. In North America, the company owns Brooks Brothers and there are about fifty stores in Canada. More and more people, from Hong Kong to Lisbon, are buying their clothes and food from M&S.
The company employs about 50,000 people worldwide. Sales have increased by 80% over the last ten years, mainly due to expansion overseas. Many of the shops abroad are franchises. Owners of franchises buy all their stock from Marks & Spencer and pay the company a percentage of their turnover.
The clothes vary from country to country. In Thailand, for example, M&S sell more short-sleeved shirts because of the climate. In Japan, they sell smaller sizes because of the average size of the population. In Austria, they stock very large clothes. Food departments sell typically British food: tea, cake, biscuits, etc., and the shops in Paris are very popular at lunchtime for the sale of sandwiches.
Why is Marks & Spencer so successful? The standards of quality are very high. All suppliers have regular inspections. All customers can return any item which they think is unsatisfactory. Stocks are limited. Shelf lives are short. This means that items only stay in the shop for six to seven weeks. Eighty per cent of the suppliers are British; in fact, M&S buys twenty per cent of the total cloth produced in Britain. Prices are high, but so is the quality. In Britain, one man in five buys his suits at M&S, and one woman in three buys her underwear there.
What about the future? At the moment, the company is studying plans for development in Eastern Europe, Japan, and even China. Next century, it is possible that one Chinese in five will wear Marks & Spencer suits. That’s a lot of suits!
Marks & Spencer, the British food and clothes company, is the most famous shop in the world. At the moment, there are 283 M&S in Britain, and other shops in France, Belgium, Holland, Spain, and Portugal. Currently, they are building a large new store in Paris on the rue de Rivoli. In North America, the company owns Brooks Brothers and there are about fifty stores in Canada. More and more people, from Hong Kong to Lisbon, are buying their clothes and food from M&S.
The company employs about 50,000 people worldwide. Sales have increased by 80% over the last ten years, mainly due to expansion overseas. Many of the shops abroad are franchises. Owners of franchises buy all their stock from Marks & Spencer and pay the company a percentage of their turnover.
The clothes vary from country to country. In Thailand, for example, M&S sell more short-sleeved shirts because of the climate. In Japan, they sell smaller sizes because of the average size of the population. In Austria, they stock very large clothes. Food departments sell typically British food: tea, cake, biscuits, etc., and the shops in Paris are very popular at lunchtime for the sale of sandwiches.
Why is Marks & Spencer so successful? The standards of quality are very high. All suppliers have regular inspections. All customers can return any item which they think is unsatisfactory. Stocks are limited. Shelf lives are short. This means that items only stay in the shop for six to seven weeks. Eighty per cent of the suppliers are British; in fact, M&S buys twenty per cent of the total cloth produced in Britain. Prices are high, but so is the quality. In Britain, one man in five buys his suits at M&S, and one woman in three buys her underwear there.
What about the future? At the moment, the company is studying plans for development in Eastern Europe, Japan, and even China. Next century, it is possible that one Chinese in five will wear Marks & Spencer suits. That’s a lot of suits!
CAPIRO XIV
READING
Pre-school education is changing. Once, elementary
school was the place to learn 1-2-3 and A-B-C. But today,
highly motivated parents have begun teaching these
basics to their children before they start school.
Kindergarten has now become a mini-college, where
geography, history, and even mathematics are taught.
Small children are even given homework assignments.
Professor David Shift, who is the Director of Early
Childhood Education at the University of Highville,
says, "We must simply accept the fact that children
today know more than children did years ago."
Eleanor Idle, of the New School Institute, doesn't agree.
"Children need to be children. They learn as they
play. They don't need formal education this early.
It just isn't normal. Soon they'll be given entrance
exams for kindergarten. Very young children shouldn't
spend their time worrying about grades and diplomas!"
Dr. Idle believes that if there is already so much
competition in kindergarten, there is no limit to how much
there will be in high school. "We don't need to make it
any harder on students than it already is," she says.
"After all, there were still many college graduates
when playing was all children did in kindergarten."
Many people who agree with Idle say that early
childhood programs should offer subjects that children
enjoy and do well in naturally, like art, music, science,and gym.
After all, learning should be child's play.
jueves, 31 de julio de 2008
AUTOMATIZACION I
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
they had handled
we will not read
she hasn’t finished
you are writing
he hasn’t started
you would understand
I have repeated
we won’t practice
she had cleaned
you will go
he has erased
they will not be working
we don’t speak
she will have repaired
he reads
you rested
they have pushed
he would have calculated
I was listening
she handled
they will push
she had informed
you would have watched
I didn’t come
we hadn’t printed
they didn’t say
he doesn’t observe
we won’t check
I haven’t closed
she didn’t begin
he would know
they didn’t delete
he has programmed
you would be reading
they don’t cancel
it doesn’t work
we will end
it didn’t function
he has added
we would divide
you had subtracted
it won’t run
ORAL EXERCISES
We will say
she was singing
you will have packed
he should come back
I had studied
she would clean
we don’t incluye
he didn’t call
they had distributed
I wouldn’t take
you would have practiced
they weren’t reading
she was sending
you aren’t importing
he was not spending
he had closed
we would have read
she will be printing
I am not listening
we would be cutting
it is not functioning
we were not watching
he will be changing
she had loved
I was not walking
you delivered
it has added
we have repeated
he was not eating
they didn’t bring
I would translate
the manager would go
the salesman would resign
you had permitted
they will not accept
she doesn’t come
I will not have declared
they haven’t understood
she hadn’t bet
he hasn’t drunk
we didn’t wash
you haven’t griten
they won’t go
I haven’t said
they had handled
we will not read
she hasn’t finished
you are writing
he hasn’t started
you would understand
I have repeated
we won’t practice
she had cleaned
you will go
he has erased
they will not be working
we don’t speak
she will have repaired
he reads
you rested
they have pushed
he would have calculated
I was listening
she handled
they will push
she had informed
you would have watched
I didn’t come
we hadn’t printed
they didn’t say
he doesn’t observe
we won’t check
I haven’t closed
she didn’t begin
he would know
they didn’t delete
he has programmed
you would be reading
they don’t cancel
it doesn’t work
we will end
it didn’t function
he has added
we would divide
you had subtracted
it won’t run
ORAL EXERCISES
We will say
she was singing
you will have packed
he should come back
I had studied
she would clean
we don’t incluye
he didn’t call
they had distributed
I wouldn’t take
you would have practiced
they weren’t reading
she was sending
you aren’t importing
he was not spending
he had closed
we would have read
she will be printing
I am not listening
we would be cutting
it is not functioning
we were not watching
he will be changing
she had loved
I was not walking
you delivered
it has added
we have repeated
he was not eating
they didn’t bring
I would translate
the manager would go
the salesman would resign
you had permitted
they will not accept
she doesn’t come
I will not have declared
they haven’t understood
she hadn’t bet
he hasn’t drunk
we didn’t wash
you haven’t griten
they won’t go
I haven’t said
COCORNA
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
they had handled
we will not read
she hasn’t finished
you are writing
he hasn’t started
you would understand
I have repeated
we won’t practice
she had cleaned
you will go
he has erased
they will not be working
we don’t speak
she will have repaired
he reads
you rested
they have pushed
he would have calculated
I was listening
she handled
they will push
she had informed
you would have watched
I didn’t come
we hadn’t printed
they didn’t say
he doesn’t observe
we won’t check
I haven’t closed
she didn’t begin
he would know
they didn’t delete
he has programmed
you would be reading
they don’t cancel
it doesn’t work
we will end
it didn’t function
he has added
we would divide
you had subtracted
it won’t run
ORAL EXERCISES
We will say
she was singing
you will have packed
he should come back
I had studied
she would clean
we don’t incluye
he didn’t call
they had distributed
I wouldn’t take
you would have practiced
they weren’t reading
she was sending
you aren’t importing
he was not spending
he had closed
we would have read
she will be printing
I am not listening
we would be cutting
it is not functioning
we were not watching
he will be changing
she had loved
I was not walking
you delivered
it has added
we have repeated
he was not eating
they didn’t bring
I would translate
the manager would go
the salesman would resign
you had permitted
they will not accept
she doesn’t come
I will not have declared
they haven’t understood
she hadn’t bet
he hasn’t drunk
we didn’t wash
you haven’t griten
they won’t go
I haven’t said
they had handled
we will not read
she hasn’t finished
you are writing
he hasn’t started
you would understand
I have repeated
we won’t practice
she had cleaned
you will go
he has erased
they will not be working
we don’t speak
she will have repaired
he reads
you rested
they have pushed
he would have calculated
I was listening
she handled
they will push
she had informed
you would have watched
I didn’t come
we hadn’t printed
they didn’t say
he doesn’t observe
we won’t check
I haven’t closed
she didn’t begin
he would know
they didn’t delete
he has programmed
you would be reading
they don’t cancel
it doesn’t work
we will end
it didn’t function
he has added
we would divide
you had subtracted
it won’t run
ORAL EXERCISES
We will say
she was singing
you will have packed
he should come back
I had studied
she would clean
we don’t incluye
he didn’t call
they had distributed
I wouldn’t take
you would have practiced
they weren’t reading
she was sending
you aren’t importing
he was not spending
he had closed
we would have read
she will be printing
I am not listening
we would be cutting
it is not functioning
we were not watching
he will be changing
she had loved
I was not walking
you delivered
it has added
we have repeated
he was not eating
they didn’t bring
I would translate
the manager would go
the salesman would resign
you had permitted
they will not accept
she doesn’t come
I will not have declared
they haven’t understood
she hadn’t bet
he hasn’t drunk
we didn’t wash
you haven’t griten
they won’t go
I haven’t said
miércoles, 23 de julio de 2008
DOCU I
SPELLING
A: ei: ARABIA
B: bi: BOSNIA
C: ci: CANADA
D: di: DENMARK
E: i: EGYPT
F: ef: FRANCE
G: yi: GREECE
H: eich: HOLLAND
I: ai: ITALY
J: yei: JAPAN
K: kei: KENIA
L: el : LATVIA
M: em: MALAWI
N: en: NORWAY
O: ou: OMAN
P: pi: PERU
Q: kiu: QATAR
R: ar: RUSSIA
S: es: SWEDEN
T: ti: TOGO
U: iu: UGANDA
V: vi : VANUATU
W: dábliu: WASHINGTON
X: eks: XIANG
Y: uai: YEMEN
Z: dzi: ZAMBIA
VERB CONJUGATION
TO WORK
She works: Ella trabaja
she worked: ella trabajó
she will work: ella trabajará
she would work: ella trabajaría
she has worked: ella ha trabajado
she had worked: ella había trabajado
she will have worked: ella habrá trabajado
she would have worked: ella habría trabajado
she is working: ella está trabajando
she was working: ella estuvo(estaba)trabajando
she will be working: ella estará trabajando
she would be working: ella estaría trabajando
REMEMBER
Am, is, are
The final “s” for third person singular in simple present
Have and has. Has (she, he, it) Have (I, you, we, they)
Were, was. Was (I, he, she, it) Were (you, we, they)
BASIC VERBS
Work: trabajar
play: jugar
practice: practicar
need: necesitar
read: leer
close: cerrar
write: escribir
paint: pintar
open: abrir
ask: preguntar
watch: mirar
answer: responder
call: llamar
talk: hablar
study: estudiar
file: archivar
change: cambiar
rest: descansar
listen: escuchar
erase: borrar
think: pensar
travel: viajar
begin: comenzar
clean: limpiar
finish: terminar
live: vivir
buy: comprar
add: sumar
sell: vender
cook: cocinar
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
We will have finished
they travelled
I have asked
she had lived
you would paint
it has added
she will be thinking
I was buying
they file
he would have written
you will call
I have watched
they changed
we would rest
it has not erased
we would not need
she will not study
I have not begun
they cooked
she talks
we have not closed
I was not cleaning
they would sell
I don’t begin
we would not have studied
they lived
he has not worked
you will not play
he doesn’t change
I would not ask
BASIC VOCABULARY
New: nuevo
tall: alto
old: viejo
short: corto
fat: gordo
cheap: barato
thin: delgado
long: largo
expensive: caro
clean: limpio
green: verde
black: negro
yellow: amarillo
brown: café
white: blanco
pink: rosado
blue: azul
here: aquí
there: allá
that: eso
this: esto
those: esos
these: estos
much: mucho
many: muchos
and: y
or: o
but: pero
now: ahora
then: luego
READING
Michael was born in 1926 in Dallas. He lived in Dallas 17 years. In 1943, he finished the secondary school. He abandoned the city immediately and visited New York. He didn’t like New York and visited Washington. At the end of 1943, he settled in this capital. He started a business as a baker. In 1945, he moved to Tokyo, the capital of Japan. There he was hired as an assistant of a rice distributor. In 1948, he got married. His wife is Yoko, a beautiful Japanese girl. Now he is 74 years old. He has two sons, and he and his wife are pensioners. During weekends, Michael stays home reading novels, his favourite literature.
VOCABULARY
Was born: nació
like: gustar
at: en
end: final
settle: establecerse
start: comenzar
business: negocio
as: como
baker: panadero
hire: contratar
rice: arroz
get married: casarse
wife: esposa
girl: chica
son: hijo
stay: permanecer
BASIC VERBS
Bet: apostar
Think: pensar
Come: venir
Understand: entender
Rob: robar
Drive: conducir
Seek: buscar
Arrive: llegar
Quit: renunciar
Hit: golpear
Keep: guardar
Send: enviar
Write: escribir
Repeat: repetir
See: ver
Sleep: dormir
Tell: decir
Obtain: obtener
Speak: hablar
Begin: comenzar
Receive: recibir
Throw. Lanzar
Declare: declarar
Go: ir
Deal: negociar
Conclude: concluir
Cook: cocinar
Announce: anunciar
Enjoy. Disfrutar
Know: conocer
Acquire: adquirir
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
They will have bet
she was thinking
we would come
he had understood
they have robbed
she will have driven
you are seeking
he has arrived
I will quit
you would have hit
they are keeping
she would send
we won’t be writing
you had repeated
we would be seeing
I was sleeping
they didn’t bet
you don’t tell
we haven’t obtained
she was speaking
you will not have begun
they received
I haven’t thrown
he hasn’t declared
we wouldn’t go
you weren’t dealing
he hasn’t concluded
they hadn’t cooked
I will be announcing
she hasn’t enjoyed
we would not have known
you don’t acquire
READ THE NUMBERS
22’403.500,5
1’478.204
4’986.108
6’211.666
1’002.523
8’875.213,9
5’477.999
3’286.100,6
7’905.100
4’000.004
3’572.941
1’098.581
4’444.110
2’578.003,9
2’780.533
1’333.555
7’352.000
5’165.644,8
3’002.719
1’888.744,4
3’666.222
9’290.321
7’222.001
1’901.002
5’919.443
8’384.186
6’221.771
7’300.031
2’008.554
3’002.024,7
4’880.204
4’338.220
WRITE THE FIGURE
One thousand nine hundred sixty five
thirty-three thousand eight-hundred fourteen
sixteen thousand one hundred twenty-six
eighty thousand twenty-five
forty-four thousand nine-hundred twelve
ninety-five thousand one hundred eighty-three
twenty-nine thousand eight-hundred five
ten thousand four
sixty thousand one hundred fourteen
thirty-seven thousand five-hundred sixteen
twenty-one thousand eighty-seven
thirty-one thousand four-hundred twenty-four
eleven thousand two hundred
seventeen thousand seven hundred eight
eighty-three thousand eight hundred
fifty-five thousand five hundred fifty-five
seventy-one thousand ten
eight thousand seven hundred four
thirty-three thousand five
fourteen thousand nine hundred fourteen
four thousand four hundred eleven
thirty-nine thousand one hundred twenty-one
eighteen thousand two
eighty-three thousand eight hundred fifty
thirty-three thousand five hundred thirty-five
ninety-one thousand nine hundred ninety-nine
twenty-seven thousand eighty-three
twenty-eight thousand four hundred four
twelve thousand twenty-one
thirty-nine thousand three hundred nineteen
sixty-five thousand one hundred one
ninety-eight thousand four hundred seven
twenty thousand one hundred forty
thirty-eight thousand eighty-seven
fifty-nine thousand one hundred twenty-two
eighty-eight thousand one
ninety thousand nine hundred sixteen
thirteen thousand four hundred four
twenty-four thousand four hundred ninety-nine
fourteen thousand fourteen
sixty thousand six hundred sixty-six
twenty-four thousand four hundred eleven
seventy-one thousand seven hundred seventy-seven
PRONOUNCE THE YEARS
1987
1756
1560
1600
1342
1988
1504
1900
1287
1480
1928
1945
1889
1959
1971
1300
1190
1926
1961
1873
1982
1944
1814
1500
1412
1733
1901
1501
1922
1333
1905
1918
READ THE TIME
7:25
6:10
1:18
9:23
8:12
10:10
4:45
7:29
3:40
2:26
5:30
1:30
8:30
4:30
9:30
3.30
7:30
2:30
6:30
11:30
1:15
12:15
2:15
11:15
3:15
10:15
4:15
9:15
5:15
8:15
2:00
9:00
SPELL THE FOLLOWING WORDS
ANTICONSTITUTIONALIZATIONMENT
FLOCCIPAUCINIHILIPILIFICATION
DICHLORODIPHENYLTRICHLOROETHANE
NAPWAMOHALAONAONAAMEKAWEHIWEHI
BIOPSYCHOPATHOLOGICALLY
KRUNTHEPMAHANAKONBOVORNRATHANAKOZIN
READING
Paul Peterson was born in Austin, the capital of Texas, in 1960. He got married in 1990. His wife is Susan. Susan’s last name is Kinski. Paul’s occupation is construction. Susan is a flight attendant. Paul Peterson is building a new hospital now. He works in the morning. In the afternoon he attends the university. In the university he studies Spanish. On weekends, Paul Peterson reads American history, and Susan practices her favourite sport, Table Tennis.
VOCABULARY
Last name: apellido
flight: vuelo
attendant: asistente
build: construir
now: ahora
attend: asistir
her: su
READING
Agostinho is fifteen years old. He belongs to a poor family in North Brazil. The city where he was born is Boa Vista, a place of about 5,000 people. Agostinho doesn’t attend the school because he has to work in order to help his family: mother, father, and four sisters. He has no brothers. Agostinho likes to play soccer, the national sport. He has an idol, Pelé, but he knows that Pelé doesn’t play soccer now. Pelé is part of the Soccer History. However, Agostinho knows that with discipline and practice, he could be a professional soccer player in coming days.
VOCABULARY
Belong: pertenecer
poor: pobre
north: norte
where: donde
place: lugar
about: más o menos
because: porque
has to: tiene que
in order to: con el fin de
help: ayudar
soccer: fútbol
that: que
however: sin embargo
could: podría
coming: venidero
READING
Paavo Läpsö is a remarkable engineer. He is from Finland. Finland is located in North Europe. Its capital is Helsinki. Paavo doesn’t work in Helsinki. He works in Kuopio. Paavo works as a sales manager in a small company. The company makes cell phones. Paavo distributes the product in the morning. In the afternoon he stays home with his nephew, since his wife works as a business assistant. Paavo has no kids, but he loves his nephew a lot. Paavo’s nephew is twelve years old. His name is Urho. He’s studying at a school near his home. Paavo’s wife is Karla. She speaks Finnish, Turkish and Swedish. She doesn’t speak English but she is studying it now.
VOCABULARY
Remarkable: notable
Finland: Finlandia
its: su
as: como
sales: ventas
manager: gerente
Swedish: sueco
make: hacer
Turkish: turco
stay: permanecer
his: su
nephew: sobrino
since: ya que
kid: niño
a lot: mucho
near: cerca de
Finnish: finlandés
VOCABULARY
Against: contra
And: y
For: para
Before: antes de
After: después de
Or: o
By: por
Always: siempre
Within: dentro de
In front of: frente a
In: en
At: a las
But: pero
Due to: debido a
Under: debajo de
Near: cerca de
If: si
On: sobre
With: con
Without: sin
Until: hasta
Of: de
About: acerca de
During: durante
To: a
Since: ya que
As: como
Along with: junto con
In regard to: en relación con
Again: de Nuevo
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
He repeats again
in regard to my family
he is against the president
today and tomorrow
they live along with the students
she works as an assistant
the problem is for me
before two years
since it’s very difficult
I go to my office
after twenty minutes
my brother or my sister
during the English class
he speaks about Politics
the book is written by García
we always work in the morning
this is the capital of Venezuela
you will practice until tomorrow
they will finish within one hour
the park is in front of the bank
he is without problems
they play with the dog
the money is in the classroom
he begins at seven and thirty
the papers are on the table
I will go if possible
it’s important but difficult
due to my many problems
the cat is under the desk
she lives near my house
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES
Please, repeat the exercise again
In regard to my family
Along with the new files
It’s used as a nutritious food
That drug is prohibited since last year
Against many people
pens and pencils
That is not for those clients
Before going to sleep
After each visit
To contract other clerk
Use it during three or four weeks
They are investigating about it
It was made of several components
The treatment will last until you are OK
I need and aspirin or something like that
This product was made by that firm
She always consulted Dr Smith
I think that you will be fine within twenty minutes
Doctor’s office is located in front of the hotel
Don’t buy the items without a previous authorization
Do not mix the papers with any other document
The folder was on the table last night
If you get out now you may feel bad
We can find other drugstore near here
He was in bed for ten days
I will drink it at half past two
He was very sick but now is recovering
He got the flu due to the bad weather in this region
Do not put the printer under humid conditions
THERE +BE
HABER
there is: hay
there are: hay
there was: hubo
there were: hubo
there will be: habrá
there would be: habría
there can be: puede haber
there must be : debe haber
there could be: pudo, podía, podría haber
there should be: debería haber
there has been: ha habido
there have been: ha habido
there is going to be: va a haber
there are going to be: va a haber
there may be: puede haber
there was going to be: iba a haber
there were going to be: iba a haber
there has to be: tiene que haber
There have to be: tiene que haber
there might be: podría haber
there had to be: tuvo que haber
there will have to be: tendrá que haber
there would have to be: tendría que haber
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWINNG STRUCTURES
there must be more water
there is no money
there are lots of people
there will have to be a person available
there should be pills
there has been seven casualties
there are people indoors
there is patient outdoors
there may be some liquid
there could be drawbacks
there has been a mistake
there might be hundreds of insects
there will not be many problems
there is not a bottle available
there have to be one thousand dollars
there were doctors in the meeting
there is going to be a new show
there had to be traffic control
there can be other choice
there must be some sugar
there isn’t any recipe
there are two machines working
there aren’t good medications
there will be free time
there could be many errors
there mustn’t be boys in the room
there have been some corrections
there isn’t any trace
there would be serious results
there would have to be enough time
there may be a bad weather
there should be an answer
there can be symptoms
there are other ways
there were about ten dozens
VOCABULARY
More: más
Lots of: mucho
Available: disponible
Pill: píldora
Casualty: víctima
Indoors: adentro
Patient: paciente
Outdoors: afuera
Some: algo
Drawbacks: desventajas
Bottle: botella
Meeting: reunión
Show: función
Other: otro
Choice: oportunidad
Sugar: azúcar
Recipe: receta
Medication: medicamento
Free: libre
Room: salón
Trace: pista
Serious: graves
Enough: suficiente
Bad: malo
Weather: clima
Answer: respuesta
READING
Doctor Johnson is from Canada. He works at King Charles Hospital. He works five days a week. Doctor Johnson was born in Ottawa, the capital of Canada, in 1960. He belongs to a rich family. His father is Peter Johnson, a remarkable architect. His mother, Rose Newman, is a Psychologist. Doctor Johnson’s wife is twenty-five years old. He has one son. No daughters. He finished his career in 1985. He is planning to retire in five years because he wants to devote his time to investigate. He likes to read about AIDS, tropical illnesses and cancer.
VOCABULARY
At: en
king: rey
Charles: Carlos
week: semana
belong: pertenecer
rich: rico
remarkable: importante
psychologist: sicólogo
daughter: hija
career: carrera
retire: retirarse
devote: dedicar
like: gustar
AIDS: SIDA
illness: enfermedad
READING
Robert is a shoemaker. He works near the park. He is from Bahama Islands. He speaks English. He is married. He practices Basketball. He has no kids. He reads the newspapers. He has two brothers and one sister. He is 35 years old. He was born in Nassau. Nassau is the capital of Bahama Islands. Robert doesn’t drive a car. He was born in 1965. Robert’s last name is Cook.
Questions
Is Robert a taxi driver ?
Does he work far from the park ?
Is Robert from Washington ?
Does he Speak Russian ?
Is Robert Single ?
Does he practice Tennis ?
Does Robert have kids ?
Does he read the magazines ?
Does Robert have one brother ?
Is he forty years old ?
Is Kingston the capital of Bahama Islands ?
Does Robert drive a car ?
Was he born in 1970 ?
Is Robert’s last name Paulson ?
Was he born in Mexico City ?
A: ei: ARABIA
B: bi: BOSNIA
C: ci: CANADA
D: di: DENMARK
E: i: EGYPT
F: ef: FRANCE
G: yi: GREECE
H: eich: HOLLAND
I: ai: ITALY
J: yei: JAPAN
K: kei: KENIA
L: el : LATVIA
M: em: MALAWI
N: en: NORWAY
O: ou: OMAN
P: pi: PERU
Q: kiu: QATAR
R: ar: RUSSIA
S: es: SWEDEN
T: ti: TOGO
U: iu: UGANDA
V: vi : VANUATU
W: dábliu: WASHINGTON
X: eks: XIANG
Y: uai: YEMEN
Z: dzi: ZAMBIA
VERB CONJUGATION
TO WORK
She works: Ella trabaja
she worked: ella trabajó
she will work: ella trabajará
she would work: ella trabajaría
she has worked: ella ha trabajado
she had worked: ella había trabajado
she will have worked: ella habrá trabajado
she would have worked: ella habría trabajado
she is working: ella está trabajando
she was working: ella estuvo(estaba)trabajando
she will be working: ella estará trabajando
she would be working: ella estaría trabajando
REMEMBER
Am, is, are
The final “s” for third person singular in simple present
Have and has. Has (she, he, it) Have (I, you, we, they)
Were, was. Was (I, he, she, it) Were (you, we, they)
BASIC VERBS
Work: trabajar
play: jugar
practice: practicar
need: necesitar
read: leer
close: cerrar
write: escribir
paint: pintar
open: abrir
ask: preguntar
watch: mirar
answer: responder
call: llamar
talk: hablar
study: estudiar
file: archivar
change: cambiar
rest: descansar
listen: escuchar
erase: borrar
think: pensar
travel: viajar
begin: comenzar
clean: limpiar
finish: terminar
live: vivir
buy: comprar
add: sumar
sell: vender
cook: cocinar
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
We will have finished
they travelled
I have asked
she had lived
you would paint
it has added
she will be thinking
I was buying
they file
he would have written
you will call
I have watched
they changed
we would rest
it has not erased
we would not need
she will not study
I have not begun
they cooked
she talks
we have not closed
I was not cleaning
they would sell
I don’t begin
we would not have studied
they lived
he has not worked
you will not play
he doesn’t change
I would not ask
BASIC VOCABULARY
New: nuevo
tall: alto
old: viejo
short: corto
fat: gordo
cheap: barato
thin: delgado
long: largo
expensive: caro
clean: limpio
green: verde
black: negro
yellow: amarillo
brown: café
white: blanco
pink: rosado
blue: azul
here: aquí
there: allá
that: eso
this: esto
those: esos
these: estos
much: mucho
many: muchos
and: y
or: o
but: pero
now: ahora
then: luego
READING
Michael was born in 1926 in Dallas. He lived in Dallas 17 years. In 1943, he finished the secondary school. He abandoned the city immediately and visited New York. He didn’t like New York and visited Washington. At the end of 1943, he settled in this capital. He started a business as a baker. In 1945, he moved to Tokyo, the capital of Japan. There he was hired as an assistant of a rice distributor. In 1948, he got married. His wife is Yoko, a beautiful Japanese girl. Now he is 74 years old. He has two sons, and he and his wife are pensioners. During weekends, Michael stays home reading novels, his favourite literature.
VOCABULARY
Was born: nació
like: gustar
at: en
end: final
settle: establecerse
start: comenzar
business: negocio
as: como
baker: panadero
hire: contratar
rice: arroz
get married: casarse
wife: esposa
girl: chica
son: hijo
stay: permanecer
BASIC VERBS
Bet: apostar
Think: pensar
Come: venir
Understand: entender
Rob: robar
Drive: conducir
Seek: buscar
Arrive: llegar
Quit: renunciar
Hit: golpear
Keep: guardar
Send: enviar
Write: escribir
Repeat: repetir
See: ver
Sleep: dormir
Tell: decir
Obtain: obtener
Speak: hablar
Begin: comenzar
Receive: recibir
Throw. Lanzar
Declare: declarar
Go: ir
Deal: negociar
Conclude: concluir
Cook: cocinar
Announce: anunciar
Enjoy. Disfrutar
Know: conocer
Acquire: adquirir
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
They will have bet
she was thinking
we would come
he had understood
they have robbed
she will have driven
you are seeking
he has arrived
I will quit
you would have hit
they are keeping
she would send
we won’t be writing
you had repeated
we would be seeing
I was sleeping
they didn’t bet
you don’t tell
we haven’t obtained
she was speaking
you will not have begun
they received
I haven’t thrown
he hasn’t declared
we wouldn’t go
you weren’t dealing
he hasn’t concluded
they hadn’t cooked
I will be announcing
she hasn’t enjoyed
we would not have known
you don’t acquire
READ THE NUMBERS
22’403.500,5
1’478.204
4’986.108
6’211.666
1’002.523
8’875.213,9
5’477.999
3’286.100,6
7’905.100
4’000.004
3’572.941
1’098.581
4’444.110
2’578.003,9
2’780.533
1’333.555
7’352.000
5’165.644,8
3’002.719
1’888.744,4
3’666.222
9’290.321
7’222.001
1’901.002
5’919.443
8’384.186
6’221.771
7’300.031
2’008.554
3’002.024,7
4’880.204
4’338.220
WRITE THE FIGURE
One thousand nine hundred sixty five
thirty-three thousand eight-hundred fourteen
sixteen thousand one hundred twenty-six
eighty thousand twenty-five
forty-four thousand nine-hundred twelve
ninety-five thousand one hundred eighty-three
twenty-nine thousand eight-hundred five
ten thousand four
sixty thousand one hundred fourteen
thirty-seven thousand five-hundred sixteen
twenty-one thousand eighty-seven
thirty-one thousand four-hundred twenty-four
eleven thousand two hundred
seventeen thousand seven hundred eight
eighty-three thousand eight hundred
fifty-five thousand five hundred fifty-five
seventy-one thousand ten
eight thousand seven hundred four
thirty-three thousand five
fourteen thousand nine hundred fourteen
four thousand four hundred eleven
thirty-nine thousand one hundred twenty-one
eighteen thousand two
eighty-three thousand eight hundred fifty
thirty-three thousand five hundred thirty-five
ninety-one thousand nine hundred ninety-nine
twenty-seven thousand eighty-three
twenty-eight thousand four hundred four
twelve thousand twenty-one
thirty-nine thousand three hundred nineteen
sixty-five thousand one hundred one
ninety-eight thousand four hundred seven
twenty thousand one hundred forty
thirty-eight thousand eighty-seven
fifty-nine thousand one hundred twenty-two
eighty-eight thousand one
ninety thousand nine hundred sixteen
thirteen thousand four hundred four
twenty-four thousand four hundred ninety-nine
fourteen thousand fourteen
sixty thousand six hundred sixty-six
twenty-four thousand four hundred eleven
seventy-one thousand seven hundred seventy-seven
PRONOUNCE THE YEARS
1987
1756
1560
1600
1342
1988
1504
1900
1287
1480
1928
1945
1889
1959
1971
1300
1190
1926
1961
1873
1982
1944
1814
1500
1412
1733
1901
1501
1922
1333
1905
1918
READ THE TIME
7:25
6:10
1:18
9:23
8:12
10:10
4:45
7:29
3:40
2:26
5:30
1:30
8:30
4:30
9:30
3.30
7:30
2:30
6:30
11:30
1:15
12:15
2:15
11:15
3:15
10:15
4:15
9:15
5:15
8:15
2:00
9:00
SPELL THE FOLLOWING WORDS
ANTICONSTITUTIONALIZATIONMENT
FLOCCIPAUCINIHILIPILIFICATION
DICHLORODIPHENYLTRICHLOROETHANE
NAPWAMOHALAONAONAAMEKAWEHIWEHI
BIOPSYCHOPATHOLOGICALLY
KRUNTHEPMAHANAKONBOVORNRATHANAKOZIN
READING
Paul Peterson was born in Austin, the capital of Texas, in 1960. He got married in 1990. His wife is Susan. Susan’s last name is Kinski. Paul’s occupation is construction. Susan is a flight attendant. Paul Peterson is building a new hospital now. He works in the morning. In the afternoon he attends the university. In the university he studies Spanish. On weekends, Paul Peterson reads American history, and Susan practices her favourite sport, Table Tennis.
VOCABULARY
Last name: apellido
flight: vuelo
attendant: asistente
build: construir
now: ahora
attend: asistir
her: su
READING
Agostinho is fifteen years old. He belongs to a poor family in North Brazil. The city where he was born is Boa Vista, a place of about 5,000 people. Agostinho doesn’t attend the school because he has to work in order to help his family: mother, father, and four sisters. He has no brothers. Agostinho likes to play soccer, the national sport. He has an idol, Pelé, but he knows that Pelé doesn’t play soccer now. Pelé is part of the Soccer History. However, Agostinho knows that with discipline and practice, he could be a professional soccer player in coming days.
VOCABULARY
Belong: pertenecer
poor: pobre
north: norte
where: donde
place: lugar
about: más o menos
because: porque
has to: tiene que
in order to: con el fin de
help: ayudar
soccer: fútbol
that: que
however: sin embargo
could: podría
coming: venidero
READING
Paavo Läpsö is a remarkable engineer. He is from Finland. Finland is located in North Europe. Its capital is Helsinki. Paavo doesn’t work in Helsinki. He works in Kuopio. Paavo works as a sales manager in a small company. The company makes cell phones. Paavo distributes the product in the morning. In the afternoon he stays home with his nephew, since his wife works as a business assistant. Paavo has no kids, but he loves his nephew a lot. Paavo’s nephew is twelve years old. His name is Urho. He’s studying at a school near his home. Paavo’s wife is Karla. She speaks Finnish, Turkish and Swedish. She doesn’t speak English but she is studying it now.
VOCABULARY
Remarkable: notable
Finland: Finlandia
its: su
as: como
sales: ventas
manager: gerente
Swedish: sueco
make: hacer
Turkish: turco
stay: permanecer
his: su
nephew: sobrino
since: ya que
kid: niño
a lot: mucho
near: cerca de
Finnish: finlandés
VOCABULARY
Against: contra
And: y
For: para
Before: antes de
After: después de
Or: o
By: por
Always: siempre
Within: dentro de
In front of: frente a
In: en
At: a las
But: pero
Due to: debido a
Under: debajo de
Near: cerca de
If: si
On: sobre
With: con
Without: sin
Until: hasta
Of: de
About: acerca de
During: durante
To: a
Since: ya que
As: como
Along with: junto con
In regard to: en relación con
Again: de Nuevo
TRANSLATE INTO SPANISH
He repeats again
in regard to my family
he is against the president
today and tomorrow
they live along with the students
she works as an assistant
the problem is for me
before two years
since it’s very difficult
I go to my office
after twenty minutes
my brother or my sister
during the English class
he speaks about Politics
the book is written by García
we always work in the morning
this is the capital of Venezuela
you will practice until tomorrow
they will finish within one hour
the park is in front of the bank
he is without problems
they play with the dog
the money is in the classroom
he begins at seven and thirty
the papers are on the table
I will go if possible
it’s important but difficult
due to my many problems
the cat is under the desk
she lives near my house
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES
Please, repeat the exercise again
In regard to my family
Along with the new files
It’s used as a nutritious food
That drug is prohibited since last year
Against many people
pens and pencils
That is not for those clients
Before going to sleep
After each visit
To contract other clerk
Use it during three or four weeks
They are investigating about it
It was made of several components
The treatment will last until you are OK
I need and aspirin or something like that
This product was made by that firm
She always consulted Dr Smith
I think that you will be fine within twenty minutes
Doctor’s office is located in front of the hotel
Don’t buy the items without a previous authorization
Do not mix the papers with any other document
The folder was on the table last night
If you get out now you may feel bad
We can find other drugstore near here
He was in bed for ten days
I will drink it at half past two
He was very sick but now is recovering
He got the flu due to the bad weather in this region
Do not put the printer under humid conditions
THERE +BE
HABER
there is: hay
there are: hay
there was: hubo
there were: hubo
there will be: habrá
there would be: habría
there can be: puede haber
there must be : debe haber
there could be: pudo, podía, podría haber
there should be: debería haber
there has been: ha habido
there have been: ha habido
there is going to be: va a haber
there are going to be: va a haber
there may be: puede haber
there was going to be: iba a haber
there were going to be: iba a haber
there has to be: tiene que haber
There have to be: tiene que haber
there might be: podría haber
there had to be: tuvo que haber
there will have to be: tendrá que haber
there would have to be: tendría que haber
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWINNG STRUCTURES
there must be more water
there is no money
there are lots of people
there will have to be a person available
there should be pills
there has been seven casualties
there are people indoors
there is patient outdoors
there may be some liquid
there could be drawbacks
there has been a mistake
there might be hundreds of insects
there will not be many problems
there is not a bottle available
there have to be one thousand dollars
there were doctors in the meeting
there is going to be a new show
there had to be traffic control
there can be other choice
there must be some sugar
there isn’t any recipe
there are two machines working
there aren’t good medications
there will be free time
there could be many errors
there mustn’t be boys in the room
there have been some corrections
there isn’t any trace
there would be serious results
there would have to be enough time
there may be a bad weather
there should be an answer
there can be symptoms
there are other ways
there were about ten dozens
VOCABULARY
More: más
Lots of: mucho
Available: disponible
Pill: píldora
Casualty: víctima
Indoors: adentro
Patient: paciente
Outdoors: afuera
Some: algo
Drawbacks: desventajas
Bottle: botella
Meeting: reunión
Show: función
Other: otro
Choice: oportunidad
Sugar: azúcar
Recipe: receta
Medication: medicamento
Free: libre
Room: salón
Trace: pista
Serious: graves
Enough: suficiente
Bad: malo
Weather: clima
Answer: respuesta
READING
Doctor Johnson is from Canada. He works at King Charles Hospital. He works five days a week. Doctor Johnson was born in Ottawa, the capital of Canada, in 1960. He belongs to a rich family. His father is Peter Johnson, a remarkable architect. His mother, Rose Newman, is a Psychologist. Doctor Johnson’s wife is twenty-five years old. He has one son. No daughters. He finished his career in 1985. He is planning to retire in five years because he wants to devote his time to investigate. He likes to read about AIDS, tropical illnesses and cancer.
VOCABULARY
At: en
king: rey
Charles: Carlos
week: semana
belong: pertenecer
rich: rico
remarkable: importante
psychologist: sicólogo
daughter: hija
career: carrera
retire: retirarse
devote: dedicar
like: gustar
AIDS: SIDA
illness: enfermedad
READING
Robert is a shoemaker. He works near the park. He is from Bahama Islands. He speaks English. He is married. He practices Basketball. He has no kids. He reads the newspapers. He has two brothers and one sister. He is 35 years old. He was born in Nassau. Nassau is the capital of Bahama Islands. Robert doesn’t drive a car. He was born in 1965. Robert’s last name is Cook.
Questions
Is Robert a taxi driver ?
Does he work far from the park ?
Is Robert from Washington ?
Does he Speak Russian ?
Is Robert Single ?
Does he practice Tennis ?
Does Robert have kids ?
Does he read the magazines ?
Does Robert have one brother ?
Is he forty years old ?
Is Kingston the capital of Bahama Islands ?
Does Robert drive a car ?
Was he born in 1970 ?
Is Robert’s last name Paulson ?
Was he born in Mexico City ?
sábado, 19 de julio de 2008
SOFT IX
She will drive
they had practiced
he would rest
I have answered
you would be filing
he has cleaned
they would have erased
I will play
you had studied
she sells
they would have called
she has worked
they opened
she would talk
you sing
they had visited
we will lose
You had smoked
they would be talking
I have touched
she rests
they would be moving
they have listened
I had repeated
you will read
she would be selling
he calls
she will think
it worked
they had moved
we would feel
you have added
they were checking
I have rested
you answered
we will be working
she was closing
they had cleaned
she would be repeating
they think
you had smiled
she would begin
I have talked
they are writing a letter
she’s speaking about that
we’re listening to the news
he’s traveling to England
they’re cleaning the desk
I’m reading a newspaper
she’s talking in the classroom
we’re watching a good program
they’re painting the walls
I’m discussing about soccer
we’re erasing some exercises
you’re selling to five countries
you’re solving a hard problem
he’s deleting some mistakes
I’m paying the debt
we’re canceling those products
she’s cooking a delicious fish soup
they’re running a big enterprise
he’s beginning Spanish classes
we’re closing this drugstore
I’m understanding a little
she’s buying another pet
he’s opening a new branch
we’re repeating those words
she’s signing the check
she was studying biology and German
I was deleting all the program
they were practicing chess
he was driving Michael’s car
we were checking the exams
I was eating in that restaurant
they were thinking about the family
he was copying the sentences
you were washing near the river
they were cooking fish and chicken
we were opening before seven
she was growing apricots and apples
I was searching by the computer
you were drinking gin with ice
they were watching the stars
he was selling more last year
we were using your mechanical pencil
I was buying a pound of tomatoes
she was sleeping on the floor
we were canceling every weekend
they were running around the stadium
you were catching a stone
I was paying with the credit card
they were solving the mystery
she was cutting pieces of paper
we understand but not much
they call every morning
she bets in the casino
he can finish now
I believe in your ideas
they place the machine over there
you gain a good salary
she repeats every word
we try several times
she watches that sport program
they close every Sunday
you rest at noon
I think to travel
she brings products from there
we go to Mexico in April
they drive carefully
she comes on vacation
I like to eat there
he catches the ball quickly
we want coffee and crackers
you get what you want
they know where I live
he stays hare every weekend
she adds all the figures
I begin before nine
she wanted to bet money
they understood all the exercises
we liked to play chess
she lived in Italy
you bet a lot
I wrote a book
he spoke about politics
she played with her friends
I opened after ten
they read a beautiful novel
she closed after six p.m.
you came last summer
they got what they wanted
she worked there last spring
we went to Holland
I cooked rice and meat
he studied here in May
we thought about traveling
she canceled with a check
you stayed in that corner
they rested for ten minutes
I could finish before two
we added those quantities
he used the pencil sharpener
they lost in the gambling place
MECHA I
She will drive
they had practiced
he would rest
I have answered
you would be filing
he has cleaned
they would have erased
I will play
you had studied
she sells
they would have called
she has worked
they opened
she would talk
you sing
they had visited
we will lose
You had smoked
they would be talking
I have touched
she rests
they would be moving
they have listened
I had repeated
you will read
she would be selling
he calls
she will think
it worked
they had moved
we would feel
you have added
they were checking
I have rested
you answered
we will be working
she was closing
they had cleaned
she would be repeating
they think
you had smiled
she would begin
I have talked
they are writing a letter
she’s speaking about that
we’re listening to the news
he’s traveling to England
they’re cleaning the desk
I’m reading a newspaper
she’s talking in the classroom
we’re watching a good program
they’re painting the walls
I’m discussing about soccer
we’re erasing some exercises
you’re selling to five countries
you’re solving a hard problem
he’s deleting some mistakes
I’m paying the debt
we’re canceling those products
she’s cooking a delicious fish soup
they’re running a big enterprise
he’s beginning Spanish classes
we’re closing this drugstore
I’m understanding a little
she’s buying another pet
he’s opening a new branch
we’re repeating those words
she’s signing the check
she was studying biology and German
I was deleting all the program
they were practicing chess
he was driving Michael’s car
we were checking the exams
I was eating in that restaurant
they were thinking about the family
he was copying the sentences
you were washing near the river
they were cooking fish and chicken
we were opening before seven
she was growing apricots and apples
I was searching by the computer
you were drinking gin with ice
they were watching the stars
he was selling more last year
we were using your mechanical pencil
I was buying a pound of tomatoes
she was sleeping on the floor
we were canceling every weekend
they were running around the stadium
you were catching a stone
I was paying with the credit card
they were solving the mystery
she was cutting pieces of paper
we understand but not much
they call every morning
she bets in the casino
he can finish now
I believe in your ideas
they place the machine over there
you gain a good salary
she repeats every word
we try several times
she watches that sport program
they close every Sunday
you rest at noon
I think to travel
she brings products from there
we go to Mexico in April
they drive carefully
she comes on vacation
I like to eat there
he catches the ball quickly
we want coffee and crackers
you get what you want
they know where I live
he stays hare every weekend
she adds all the figures
I begin before nine
she wanted to bet money
they understood all the exercises
we liked to play chess
she lived in Italy
you bet a lot
I wrote a book
he spoke about politics
she played with her friends
I opened after ten
they read a beautiful novel
she closed after six p.m.
you came last summer
they got what they wanted
she worked there last spring
we went to Holland
I cooked rice and meat
he studied here in May
we thought about traveling
she canceled with a check
you stayed in that corner
they rested for ten minutes
I could finish before two
we added those quantities
he used the pencil sharpener
they lost in the gambling place
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